Other then the obvious( washington,adams,franklin,jefferson) which Essay

Other then the self-evident( washington,adams,franklin,jefferson) which american political or military pioneer do you think had the mo - Essay Example Through the enactment that he presented and his enthusiastic logical style, he urged Americans to ascend against the British and assume control over their predetermination. Nobody can question that he had a significant effect as America continued looking for autonomy. Henry was brought up in Virginia and served in the Virginian council, nearby numerous acclaimed men of the time (Beeman, 12). He was profoundly keen on states' privileges, and contradicted being managed by a removed lord in a remote land. The state of mind in the American settlements was changing during Henry's long periods of administration and he caught that disposition capably in his open addresses. He regularly came surprisingly close to offering expressions that were treasonous to the British lord. In any case, he remained by his perspectives. In one of his first demonstrations in the wake of being chosen in Virginia he acquainted a reaction with the Stamp Act. His activities were broadly observed as being one of t he first and most extreme strides contrary to British standard in the settlements. It adequately said that Americans couldn't be burdened by London without portrayal in London. It was the discourse he gave as of now which Thomas Jefferson once said outperformed whatever else he had ever heard in his life (Jewett). During this time, and in the years tailing it and paving the way to the Revolution, Henry's talk was noted as moving numerous individuals.

A Tale of Two Cities :: essays research papers

A Tale of Two Cities            The year is 1775, and social ills plague both France and England. Jerry Cruncher, an unspecialized temp job-man who works for Tellson's Bank, stops the Dover mail-mentor with a pressing message for Jarvis Lorry. Lorry is fairly older, however interestingly dressed. The message trains Lorry to hang tight at Dover for a young lady, and Lorry reacts with the obscure words, "Recalled to Life." At Dover, Lorry is met by Lucie Manette, a youthful vagrant whose father, a once-famous specialist whom she guessed dead, has been found in France. Lucie is a truly, blonde, young lady of caring nature and who motivates a great deal of affection and faithfulness in others. Lorry accompanies Lucie to Paris, where they meet Defarge, a previous hireling of Doctor Manette, who has guarded Manette in a garret. Now, we are acquainted with the principal topic I found in this book; the truth of death is ever-excruciating. The storyteller s tates, â€Å"My companion is dead, my neighbor is dead, my affection, the dear of my spirit; is dead; it is unyielding consolidation.† Driven distraught by eighteen years in the Bastille, Manette invests the entirety of his energy making shoes, a pastime he learned while in jail. A topic I ran over in this book, â€Å"Inprisonment can dehumanize people†, was upheld now when Lorry examines the Doctor concerning his character. The Doctor answers, â€Å"Did you request my name? 105, North Tower.† Lorry guarantees Lucie that her adoration and dedication can review her dad to life, and without a doubt they do.      The year is currently 1780. Charles Darnay stands blamed for conspiracy against the English crown. A grandiloquent legal advisor named Stryver argues Darnay's case, yet it isn't until his smashed, slacker partner, Sydney Carton, helps him that the court vindicates Darnay. Container secures his contention by calling attention to that he himself looks somewhat like the litigant, which sabotages the indictment's case for obviously distinguishing Darnay as the government agent the specialists spotted. Some place inside this entry, Dickens willingly volunteers to raise the subject that each human animal is extraordinary. He does this by expressing that â€Å"A great reality to think about, that each human animal is comprised to be that significant mystery and puzzle to each other.† Meanwhile, Lucie and Doctor Manette watched the court procedures, and that night, Carton accompanies Darnay to a bar and asks how it feels to get the com passion of a lady like Lucie.

Indie Press Round-Up February New Releases and More

Indie Press Round-Up February New Releases and More Im excited about the independent press books I have to share with you this month! Independent presses are putting out so many important books for our times. I didnt plan this, but I ended up reading two books about Iran that explore key moments in the nations history and explore how people survive in chaotic times. I also have a book from Argentina, one from South Korea, one from Spain, and one from Belgium. They explore everything from grief to political unrest to adolescent angst to rich people behaving badly. Five of the books featured below are in translation. Now seems like a particularly good time to read books from around the world  and  to read books published by small presses. Small presses dont have huge publicity budgets, so it can be hard for them to get the word out about their books. But so often the quality of what they publish is stellar. Its worth it to look past the books that get all the hype and try something lesser-known but possibly amazing! Independent Press Books Ive Read and Loved Include Me Out by Maria Sonia Cristoff, Translated by Katherine Silver (Transit Books, February 4) Mara is a simultaneous interpreter who has had enough of talking. She moves to a small Argentinian town to start a new life and takes a job as a museum guard. All she wants is to quietly observe the world and follow the ten rules of silence in her manual of rhetoric. But then she gets involved in an embalming project for the museum and is drawn out of her solitude. Her attempts to stay true to her desires take her into some increasingly bizarre situations. Interspersed throughout this story are sections from a notebook that look at history, travel accounts, the evolutionary development of local animals, and more. Mara is a fascinating character: single-minded, determined, unconventional. Include Me Out  is genre-bending and delightfully strange, with one of the most memorable protagonists in recent fiction. trans(re)lating house one by Poupeh Missaghi (Coffee House Press, February 4) This is a novel for readers who like books that ask questions and explore ideas. It follows a woman searching Tehran for missing statues in the aftermath of the 2009 presidential election protests in Iran. She rides buses, visits galleries and teahouses, and meets strangers with important messages for her. Interspersed among sections telling her story are passages where a narrator contemplates the searching womans quest and asks questions about memory, documentation, violence, and what we owe the dead. The novel also incorporates passages on these issues from a range of philosophers and writers. It includes accounts of people who lost their lives in the protests. Its a multi-layered, wide-ranging exploration of how we grapple with loss, how we memorialize the dead, and how we best live our lives. My Part of Her  by Javad Djavahery, Translated by Emma Ramadan (Restless Books, February 11) Javad Djavahery is an exiled Iranian writer living in Paris.  My Part of Her opens with a group of young people spending idyllic summers in the 1970s swimming in the Caspian Sea. For two months, they live in a small town on the beach finding ways to amuse and enjoy themselves. But the narrator, it turns out, is writing the book as a confession. Darkness enters the story as he describes how he manipulates his friends and his cousin Nilou for his own ends and commits an act of betrayal that haunts him. And worse things happen, as the Iranian Revolution begins and everyone has to figure out how to negotiate a world turned upside down. The story is a powerful portrait of youth with all its turmoil and confusion and what can happen when ordinary people find themselves caught up in world-transforming political change. b, Book, and Me by Kim Sagwa, Translated by Sunhee Jeong (Two Lines Press, February 11) Two friends, Rang and b, have only each other. They are teenagers living in a South Korean city and struggling with poverty, loneliness, and bullying. Their friendship helps them deal with neglect from parents and teachers. Together, they dream of escape. But then Rang betrays b by writing about her dying sister, and their friendship falls apart. They are alone once again, and this time they are even more vulnerable than before. The novel captures how dark life can be for teenagers and how difficult it can be for them to find their way forward. Kim Sagwa writes unsparingly about their isolation and unhappiness, and the world she evokes is mysterious but unwelcoming, with its dangerous ocean, polluting factory, and untrustworthy adults. b, Book, and Me is a bracing read, one that looks with honesty on the losses that come with becoming an adult. Garden by the Sea  by Mercè Rodoreda, Translated by Martha Tennent and Maruxa Relaño (Open Letter, February 18) Originally published in 1967, this novel takes place in a villa in Spain in the 1920s. Its told from the perspective of a gardener who works for a wealthy couple who summers by the sea with their friends. The gardener lovingly cares for his plants while watching the goings-on of the villa owners and exchanging gossip with his fellow servants. The owners and guests paint, swim, ride, and generally have an idyllic time. But trouble creeps in, partly in the form of a next-door neighbor who is building a villa even bigger than theirs. Over the course of six summers, the gardener watches the changes occurring around him and inevitably plays a part in the drama. He vividly describes the garden and seaside landscapes as well as the sometimes-horrid behavior of the wealthy. The novel is atmospheric and melancholy, and movingly captures a century-old time and place. My Mother Laughs  by Chantal Akerman, Translated by Corina Copp (The Song Cave, 2019) Chantal Akerman was a Belgian artist and film director as well as writer. Originally published in 2013,  My Mother Laughs is her last book before her death in 2015. Its a memoir about caring for her mother, a holocaust survivor, who was gravely ill at the time. Their relationship was complex, and Akerman struggles with their history and her own depression. She is trying to understand her feelings about family and her lover, C., with whom she has a fraught relationship. Akermans sentences are elegantly simple even as they capture depths of emotion. Accompanying the text are photographs and film stills that complement the stories Akerman tells. Its a beautiful book, both in the writing and as an object. Anyone who has loved Akermans films will be interested, as well as anyone who admires honest, haunting writing about illness, care-taking, family, and love. More Independent Press Books For Your TBR And finally, here are some more independent press books out this month that I’m adding to my TBR, and you might want to add to yours. Here I Am by Pauline Holdstock (Biblioasis, February 4): a novel about a boy who stows away on an ocean liner after the death of his mother. Dressed for a Dance in the Snow: Womens Voices from the Gulag  by Monika Zgustova, translated by Julie Jones (Other Press, February 4): in the vein of Svetlana Alexievich, Monika Zgustova has collected stories of womens experiences in Stalins labor camps. The Freedom Artist  by Ben Okri (Akashic Books, February 4): a young woman, Amalantis, is arrested for asking Who is the prisoner? and her lover, Karnak, searches for her. The Toni Morrison Book Club  by Juda Bennett, Winnifred Brown-Glaude, Cassandra Jackson, and Piper Kendrix Williams (University of Wisconsin Press, February 4): a group memoir by four friends who use Toni Morrisons novels as the starting place to discuss their lives. A Map Is Only One Story: Twenty Writers on Immigration, Family, and the Meaning of Home  edited by Nicole Chung and Mensah Demary (Catapult, February 11): a collection of personal essays that highlight the human side of immigration policy and explore home, travel, belonging, and existing in between cultures. Looking for even more great independent press books? Check out my round-ups from December  and January.    

Vietnam Essay Outline - 645 Words

Vietnam Essay Outline (Growing protest in america)†¢ protest grew during nixons presidency due to his media coverage †¢ famous protesters such as John Lennon rilled up more Americans against the war †¢in march 1971 the conviction of lieutenant William L Calley jr. For war crimes raised some of the most famous and main moral issues. His unit was behind the massacre of more then 500 civilians in south Vietnam which of all were unarmed women and children and old men which none offered any resistance to the u.s: war critics used this trial to bring attention to the large number of civilians killed. †¢ it was the first American war to be televised †¢The movement against U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War began small--among peace activists†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢13.7 billion gallons of fuel were used the U.S. forces between 1966 and 1972. †¢This total is enough to heat 10,800,000 American homes for an entire year, and it does not include the billions of gallons used in transporting troops and equipment from the U.S. and U.S. bases to the War. †¢$132.7 billion Budgeted War Costs (1965-1972) †¢$28.5 billion Military and economic aid to Saigon regime (1953-1975) †¢$2.4 billion Military and economic aid to Laotian regime (1953-1975) †¢$2.2 billion Military and economic laid to Cambodian regime (1953-1975) †¢$0.3 billion Aid to French war effort 1949-1952 †¢$2.0 billion Approximate cost of the war FY 1975 (Results of war ) †¢ about 58,000 American military personal died in the war and about 300,000 were wounded †¢ south Vietnamese military loses were approximately 224,000 killed and 1 million wounded. †¢North Vietnamese and Vietnam cong losses totalled about 1 million dead and 600,000 wounded †¢ in 1976 north and south Vietnam lwere united into a single nation which was renamed the socialist republic of Vietnam. North Vietnamese leaders then forced their own ridged political views on the south. They inprisoned thousands who had held responsibility in the south Vietnamese army or government. †¢The chemical most used for Operation Ranch Hand was known as Agent Orange. In 1969 alone, 1,034,300 hectares of forest was destroyed †¢Agent Blue was sprayed on crops in an effort to deprive the North of its food supply. Between 1962Show MoreRelatedAccounting Fraud721 Words   |  3 Pages5 EFS students: Use this table to create your essay outline in NOTE form. Submit this completed outline on Monday WK 4 together with your articles (4 or 5), a reference list notes on your articles that will be used as support for your arguments/points. Remember you MUST highlight the sections on the articles that you are going to use as support in your essay and you MUST write next to these sections, what paragraph in your essay the ideas will be used in. i.e. Definition paragraph, BP1Read MoreEssay on The Vietnam War1680 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War From the outset, the Vietnam War manifested itself as a conflict that could only be settled by prolonged engagement. Because the war was fundamentally an ideological struggle between the democratic, capitalist United States and the Communist bloc of the U.S.S.R. and China, the strategy formulated by both democratic and communist advisory forces in North and South Vietnam conformed to accepted Cold War military practices. However, while initially similar to the war in Korea, theRead MoreModern History : The Vietnam War854 Words   |  4 PagesBackground: The Vietnam War began, because of Indochina (Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia) being conquered by the Japanese, in 1941. This led to the creation of the Vietnamese nationalist movement, formed by Ho Chi Minh to resist the Japanese. The Vietnamese national movement also known as the Vietminh, was a communist front organization. To stop the spread of communism through Asia, the United States intervened. The war lasted for 19-20 years, and involved countries such as South Vietnam, North Vietnam, UnitedRead MoreU.s. Failed During The Vietnam War987 Words   |  4 Pages This investigation seeks how the U.S. failed in the Vietnam War. The main body of this investigation outlines why the U.S. lost the winnable war, the causes for the U.S. defeat, and the differences between Vietcong and the Americans, which is one of the main reason why the U.S. failed in the Vietnam War. Two main sources used in this essay are When We Lost the Winnable War by Bruce Walker and The Vietnam War 1964-75 - The ca uses for the US defeat by Jyri Hintikka. Both of these sources of informationRead MoreReport On Unacceptable Residues Of Antibiotics818 Words   |  4 Pageshas found residues of antibiotics after an inspection service in imported shrimp and basa catfish consignment from Vietnam. The Australian government is concerned that local population might increase the risk of infection resistance as the result of ingesting fish produces that contain antibiotics residues. Thus, Australian government wishing to place a ban on all import fish from Vietnam unless the importer can proves that all import fish products are free of antibiotics debris. With anticipation ofRead MoreHow Significant Was Lyndon B Johnson in Improving Civil Rights for African Americans?1017 Words   |  5 Pagesare protected by the US government and prohibits; the discrimination of race, religion, age or gender. This was introduced to create equal opportunities for all. This essay will outline the key factors regarding w hether or not Lyndon B Johnson was significant in improving Civil rights due to factors such as riots, involvement in Vietnam, the policies he introduced and laws which were passed. Some historians argue that Lyndon B Johnson was significant improving civil rights for African-AmericansRead MoreThe United States Involvement In The War In Vietnam Essay examples1731 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States Involvement In The War In Vietnam There were many reasons why the US became increasingly involved in the Vietnam War, and when all linked together they explain why. In this essay I will explain all aspects of why the US got involved and then I will summarise all the points at the end. Since the 1880’s, France had controlled an area of eastern Asia called Indo-China, which consisted of Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam. In 1940, France was at war with GermanyRead MoreManagement and Welcome Speech1125 Words   |  5 Pagescom/Say-a-Speech-Without-Getting-Nervousgfjkjkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkfkigftytu- y  « Study and create flashcards for free at Cram.com Sign In | Sign Up StudyMode - Premium and Free Essays, Term Papers Book Notes Essays Book Notes AP Notes Citation Generator More Welcome Speech For The Business Meeting Essays and Term Papers Advanced Search Documents 1 - 20 of 919 Hi Welcome Speech Welcome Speech Good morning respected dignitaries, faculty members, myRead MoreThe Battle Of The Vietnam War1613 Words   |  7 PagesThese are the challenges Lieutenant General Harold â€Å"Hal† Moore faced on 14 Nov 1965 during the first battle of the Vietnam War This essay will outline how Gen. Moore was a visionary leader who displayed transformational ideals that aided the United States in its success on the battlefield as well as how he was instrumental in adapting a new style of warfare against the enemy in Vietnam. I will then discuss who Gen. Moore was as an ethical leader and how he dealt first hand not only with the strugglesRead MoreEssay about The United States and Irregular Warfare Challenges1131 Words   |  5 Pages(US) is facing a worldwide changing political landscape and an uncertain fiscal environment, and both will shape the United States military in the coming years. The 2014 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) and other national strategy documents vaguely outline the path that the US military will take in response to these two stressors. With over a decade of counterinsurgency (COIN) and irregular warfare, the leaders of the US military strategic leadership must decide to what level these conflicts shape

The Home Care Inc. - 1628 Words

. PURPOSE The purpose of the Generations Home Care Inc. Transportation Policy is to inform all staff members and clients about the primary functions and guidelines relating to transportation. This policy will help generate more reliable clientele and customer satisfaction. 2. SCOPE a. This policy applies to all organization’s employees, management, and customers. b. This policy describes the organization’s objectives and policies regarding Maintaining satisfactory customer service. c. If the policy is not followed there will be other actions to consider. Policy Breakdown †¢NO SHOW SUSPENSIONS Customers incurring excessive missed trips, as defined in the Policy, are subjected to suspension for a reasonable period of time. Repeated violations of this Policy will cause the length of the suspensions to be increased. The following suspension periods shall apply to violations of this policy that occurs within the same rolling 12 month period. 1st Violation: The customer receives a warning letter 2nd Violation: The customer receives one week suspension. Customer will not be Eligible for subscription (standing order) services for six months. 3rd Violation: The customer receives a 21- Day suspension In addition, subscription service will be cancelled for any customer who is suspended under this policy. Any suspended subscription service customer mustShow MoreRelatedPulse Home Health Care, Inc.1113 Words   |  5 PagesPulse Home Health Care, Inc. has offices on the Northshore and Southshore and their service area includes the following Louisiana parishes: Jefferson, Lafourche, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany, and Tangipahoa. Locally owned and operated, Pulse’s multi-disciplinary team of professionals consists of: Skilled Nursing, Home Health Aides, Physical, Occupational, and Speech Therapists. Naturally, there is a physician Medical DirectorRead MorePurpose Of The Generations Home Care Inc.1611 Words   |  7 Pages1. PURPOSE The purpose of the Generations Home Care Inc. Transportation Policy is to inform all staff members and clients about the primary functions and guidelines relating to transportation. This policy will help generate more reliable clientele and customer satisfaction. 2. SCOPE a. This policy applies to all organization’s employees, management, and customers. b. 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They have employees in each market to shop at Home Depot and Lowes to make sure Menards is the lowest price in that market. Menards advertising scheme is to keep the song, â€Å"You save big money when you shop Menards,† aliveRead MoreDevelopment Of Technology Prototype For Home Care1181 Words   |  5 Pagesis a private company that supports the complete clinical and family care team to provide a high quality care with reducing cost, and ensuring timely interventions by its highly approachable mobile application that leverages the mobile technology. To complement the healthcare platform, the company has started a project named â€Å"CareKit Health Technology Prototype† that demonstrates the development of technology prototype for ho me care use. 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Healthcare innovations alsoRead MoreThe Estee Lauder Company Inc.1323 Words   |  6 PagesThe Està ¨e Lauder Companies Inc. is an American manufacturer and marketer of prestige makeup, f ragrance, hair care products, and skincare. The company operates in the Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia Pacific, and the Middle East. The headquarters are located in New York City, New York and have about 44,000 people as of June 30, 2015 (Marketline, 2016). Mrs. Estee Lauder and her husband, Joseph Lauder, founded the company in 1946. The brand was launched with the following four products: super rich all-purposeRead MoreSample Lawn Care Business Description1400 Words   |  6 PagesGreen and Clean inc. is a lawn care corporation headquartered at 11 Seventh Street, Pelham, NY 10803 in a 100 square foot office. We offer a series of lawn development and upkeep programs devoting attentions to every aspect of turf grass culture. 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Vacant Chapter 9 Love Free Essays

The words are ringing in my ears: â€Å"I love you.† It occurs to me I may have misheard. It’s the only possible explanation. We will write a custom essay sample on Vacant Chapter 9 Love or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"So, you’re okay? Don’t listen to those girls, Emily.† I’ll just pretend those three little words aren’t hanging in the air – regardless of whether they were actually said. â€Å"Ethan, did you hear what I just said?† What do I say? I have no idea how to approach this, so I just stare at her wide-eyed. After a few moments, I feel warmth creeping up my thigh and realize its Emily’s hand. At first, it’s an attempt to get my attention, but as her hand ascends, I realize the intent is not so innocent. â€Å"We have to go. It’s time to go,† I say, stilted, like Rain Man talking about his Kmart underwear. I grip the steering wheel for dear life because if I don’t, the car and my life will go careening into the abyss. I’ve spent all this time convincing myself that Emily and I could never be anything but friends. Knowing that she may feel the same about me as I feel about her will complicate things, and I suddenly feel trapped. It’s so quiet as we drive, that I hear a small plinking that would go unnoticed otherwise, but as I near the duplex, the sound the car is making increases. I briefly wonder if it’s because the plink is getting worse or the quiet is just so intense. I make a mental note to find the origin of the plinking before putting too many more miles on the car. I should be thinking about the woman sitting next to me and her recent declaration instead of small pings, but I’m not†¦ I can’t. If I do†¦ no. I can’t think. I’m not even sure how I get here, but I’m sitting in the middle of my bed, having an argument with myself. It’s no surprise that I’m winning. â€Å"She told you she loves you.† â€Å"She says she loves to cook. She loves lots of things.† â€Å"She’s in there and you’re in here.† â€Å"You really need to clean the ceiling fan blades.† I can’t help but roll my eyes at myself. When I finally exit my room, the apartment is dark and quiet. Emily is asleep on the couch with a tight grip on the blankets. Little does she know she’s gripping at my heart the same way. The notebook on the side table catches my eye, and I can’t help but snoop. As I near it, I see there are several wads of paper strewn across the floor – discarded because they weren’t perfect. The top piece, still clinging to life in its spiral bindings, is flawless. Dear Ethan – Sitting down to write this, I’ve never felt more like a young girl than I do right now. For the past two years, I’ve looked at you every day in hopes that someday – you’d feel for me, what I feel for you. But now I see that we perceive different things regarding our relationship. Maybe it could be classified on my part as hero worship, but I’d like to think I’m smarter than that. I think I know the difference between infatuation and love. I know there is a difference in our ages, but who cares? My heart has no idea how old your heart is. I just know that if I don’t tell you, it will fester inside me, and I’ll die a slow painful death. I’ve only ever loved my mom and never really knew what it was like to care for another person until I met you. I didn’t fall in love with you that first day, but after many months of learning to appreciate your care and concern, I could see how kind your soul – your whole being is. That’s when I knew another kind of love existed. It isn’t the type of love between family members, or a crush, but a true love that is unconditional and lasting, a love that I can no longer hide. I know you probably don’t return these feelings, but I couldn’t go another second without you knowing. I understand if it makes you uncomfortable, and I’ll find another place to live if you feel like we can no longer be friends. Love always, Emily I tightly clutch the notebook page in my hand. How can she do this to me? Doesn’t she know what she’s done? No†¦ it’s not right. Not now, and without any further thoughts, I’m out the door. How to cite Vacant Chapter 9 Love, Essay examples

Video Games and Children

A report released in 2003 by the Kaiser Family Foundation shows that even the youngest children have experience with video games. The report indicated that 49 percent of children aged 0 to 6 years have a video game player in their home, while 10 per cent have a video game console in their bedroom (Vorderer Bryant, 2012, 23). Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Video Games and Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thirty percent of young children have played video games, including per cent 35 of children aged less than two years. Although game playing is less common among children this age than using other media, 50 percent of children aged 4 to 6 years play video games, and on a typical day, 16 percent of these children play video games for not less than an hour (Vorderer Bryant, 2012, 23). Among boys this age, 9 per cent play video games on a daily basis (Vorderer Bryant, 2012, 23). Playing video g ames has become a popular leisure activity. Most importantly, children across the globe have abandoned traditional outdoor games and have resorted to playing video games. A number of children sociologists and developmental biologists argue that the shift from traditional outdoor game to video games in children has various negative effects on the development of children. Children should not be allowed to spend too much time playing video games for many reasons, three of which are that it affects their health, their behavior, and their life. According to Griffiths (2005, 122) playing video games has significant negative health effects on young children and adolescents. Various case studies have indicated that epileptic individuals who are photosensitive are likely to suffer epileptic seizures when playing video games (Griffiths, 2005, 123). These studies have highlighted that seizures are likely to occur in games that have rapid scene changes and those with patterns of highly intense repetition and flickering. In addition, other studies have revealed that video game playing can cause â€Å"auditory hallucinations, enuresis, encopresis, wrist pain, neck pain, elbow pain, tenosynovitis, hand arm vibration syndrome, repetitive strain injuries, peripheral neuropathy, and obesity† (Griffiths 2005, 23). Another study conducted by Vandewater, Shim and Caplovitz (2004, 73) endeavored to determine the relationship between playing videogames and obesity. The study conducted by these researchers found out there is a strong connection between playing video games and the development of obesity in those children who played video games frequently. The study noted that children who spend more time in sedentary activities lead to increased weight status (Vandewater, Shim Caplovitz, 2004, 73).Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Not only do video games affect childr en’s health, but also they may affect children’s behavior. Griffiths notes that prolonged playing of video games can lead to increased aggressiveness and addiction (Griffiths, 2005, 123). Ferguson (2007, 310) highlights that increased aggressiveness has serious effects. Ferguson states that he wrote his article at the time when a student at Virginia State University shot dead his fellow students and several faculty members. Sociologists argue that such aggressiveness can be as a result of prolonged playing of violent video games. A recent study indicated that 978.7% of adolescents play video games (Griffiths, 2005, 123). The study also indicated that boys tend to play video games for longer hours than girls and playing violent video games is common in boys than in girls. In addition, Ward (2010, 261) notes that â€Å"playing video games is associated with makers from violent and antisocial attitudes†. Sternheimer (2007, 13) argues that since its release in 199 3, Doom, a very popular video game, has had significant negative effects on its audience. A number of criminal incidences have been linked to playing Doom. Criminals who took part in school shootings which occurred in Paducah, Kentucky; Springfield, Oregon; and Littleton, Colorado were reported to have played Doom. Ferguson (2007, 311) indicates that previous studies that investigate the role of violent video games in determining the behaviors of children have provided significant statistics. â€Å"Results from Meta analyses of video game violence studies and visuospatial cognition suggest that the raw summed effect for violent video game exposure and visuospatial cognition has a correlation factor of 0. 49† (Ferguson, 2007, 311). These statistics are an indication of a 24 per net overlap between visuospatial cognition and playing violent video games. Sternheimer (2007, 15) indicates that more aggressive people have been found to engage in violent entertainment than less ag gressive people. According to Sternheimer (2007, 15) aggression involves a broad range of emotions and behaviors, and violent video games have been found to aggravate these emotions and behaviors. There are various ways in which the effects of video games can be investigated. Children can be tested for their propensity to imitate the things they see on the screen, or their tendencies to behave more aggressively, whether or not their behavior resembles just anything seen on the screen. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Video Games and Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In one such study, researchers looked for changes in the play behavior of ten year old children before and after playing video games that had violent or non violent themes. In fact, the children studied were assigned into pairs whereby one child played a video game while the other child watched. The latter child was given no opportun ity to play. The impact of violence in a video game was found to have an effect on how children played. Children who played a violent video game subsequently exhibited a more general activity and more aggressive behavior in a free play situation. In addition, children who watched their colleagues play an aggressive video game showed more interest subsequently in playing with an aggressive toy. Finally, children who play video games are likely to fail in life. The character and behaviors of children who are addicted to playing violent video games are influenced negatively. This often affects the perception of such children (Alyssa, et al., 2010 360; Dye, Green, Bavelie, 2009, 1785). Eventually, some of these children are lily to adapt some of the behaviors portrayed by characters found in video games. Characters in video games are often portraying certain features which might be misleading to young children. For example, some characters are portrayed as idlers and yet successful. This can easily form a wrong picture in the minds of young children who grow up believing that one can be idle and yet become successful in life. Some of them emulate the behaviors of the characters present in video games. In addition, Griffiths, (2005, 123) notes that children who frequently play videogames might lead to addiction. Consequently, young children often skip important duties in their lives so as to play video games. As a result, some of them lose direction in life and end up as frustrated young adults. This paper has not that children across the globe have abandoned traditional outdoor games and have resorted to playing video games. However, playing video games has devastating health, behavioral and overall the overall perception in life of young children. In terms of health, seizures are likely to occur in games that have rapid scene changes and those with patterns of highly intense repetition and flickering. In addition, other studies have revealed that video game playing can cause â€Å"auditory hallucinations, enuresis, encopresis, wrist pain, neck pain, elbow pain, tenosynovitis, hand arm vibration syndrome, repetitive strain injuries, peripheral neuropathy, and obesity† (Griffiths 2005, 23). Other studies have revealed that there is a strong connection between playing video games and the development of obesity in those children who played video games frequently. Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In terms of children’s behavior, Griffiths notes that prolonged playing of video games can lead to increased aggressiveness and addiction (Griffiths, 2005, 123). â€Å"Playing video games is associated with makers from violent and antisocial attitudes† (Ward, 2010, 261). A number of criminal incidences have been linked to playing Doom. Criminals who took part in school shootings which occurred in Paducah, Kentucky; Springfield, Oregon; and Littleton, Colorado were reported to have played Doom. Ferguson (2007, 311) indicates that previous studies that investigate the role of violent video games in determining the behaviors of children have provided significant statistics. Lastly, children who play video games are likely to fail in life. The character and behaviors of children who are addicted to playing violent video games are influenced negatively. This often affects the perception of such children. Eventually, some of these children are likely to adapt some of the behaviors portrayed by characters found in video games. Thus, Children should not be allowed to spend too because it affects their health, their behavior, and their life. However, there is a need to conduct more studies in order to gain a clear picture of how video games affect children. References Alyssa, A. et al. (2010). Teaching Children with Autism to Play a Video Game Using ActivitySchedules and Game-Embedded Simultaneous Video Modeling. Education and Treatment of Children, 33(3): pp. 351-370. Dye, M., Green, C. and Bavelie, D. (2009). The development of attention skills in action video game players. Neuropsychologia , 47 1780–1789. Ferguson, John. (2007). The Good, The Bad and the Ugly:The Good, The Bad and the Ugly: A Meta-analyticReview of Positive and Negative Effects of Violent VideoGames. Psychiatr , 78:309–316. Griffiths, Mark. (2005). Video games and health. BMJ , 331, 123–4. Sternheimer, K. (2007). do video games kill? American Sociological Associ ation , 6(1), 13-17. Vandewater, A., Shim, A. and Caplovitz, M . (2004). Linking obesity and activity level with children’s television and video game use. Journal of Adolescence , 27, 71– 85. Vorderer, P., and Bryant, J. (2012). Playing Video Games: Motives, Responses, and Consequences. London: Routledge. Ward, M. (2010). Video Games And Crime. Psychiatry, 29(2), 261–273. This research paper on Video Games and Children was written and submitted by user SquirrelGirl to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Critical Thinking Is Self Guided Self Disciplined Thinking Religion Essay Essay Example

Critical Thinking Is Self Guided Self Disciplined Thinking Religion Essay Essay Example Critical Thinking Is Self Guided Self Disciplined Thinking Religion Essay Paper Critical Thinking Is Self Guided Self Disciplined Thinking Religion Essay Paper in which abstract entities or universals are distinguished with their objects or specifics in the material universe. Plato s political theories emerge in the Republic, in which he explored the nature and the construction of a merely society. Plato besides recommended a political system based on the division of the population into three categories. It was determined by instruction instead than birth or wealth. Rulers, constabularies and armed forces, and civilians. Plato died in 347 B.C.E at about the age of 80. Plato is by and large held to be the male parent of Western doctrine. He is best-known for his celebrated analogy of the cave. Suppose person is bound up so that the individual can non turn around but can merely look at the back wall of the cave. There is a fire at the oral cavity of the cave. If person comes into the cave, so the edge individual can non see the newcomer straight but can merely see the shadow dramatis personae by the fire on the back wall of the cave. So as we go through life, we can non see truth and world but merely shadows of these. If we try difficult plenty and listen to philosophers, so possibly we can acquire a glance of the truth. From Plato we get the impression that there is the truth someplace but that we have to seek for it to happen it. The manner to seek for the truth is to utilize critical thought to assail what is untrue. Plato is one of the philosopher that stands out as holding the greatest influence on critical thought criterions. Plato has recorded many of Socrates thoughts. Plato besides broaden Socrate s ideas on Critical Thinking and other issues. Normally, the early plant of Plato are considered to be near to the spirit of Socrates, while the ulterior works including Phaedo are considered to be perchance merchandises of Plato s embroidery. In Plato s Hagiographas there are arguments refering the best possible signifier of authorities, having disciples of nobility, democracy, monarchy, and other issues excessively. A cardinal subject is the struggle between nature and convention, refering the function of heredity and the environment on human intelligence and personality. Furthermore, Plato besides had some influential appraisal on the nature of cognition and acquisition, which began with the inquiry whether virtuousness can be taught, and proceeded to elaborate the constructs of remembrance, la rning as the find of preexistent cognition, and right sentiment, sentiments which are right but have no clear justification. Realism has traditionally been interpreted as a signifier of metaphysical dualism, sometimes referred to as Platonic or Exaggerated Realism. Furthermore, Plato s metaphysics segregates the universe into two distinguishable part that are the apprehensible universe of forms , and the perceptual universe we see around us. As for the perceptual universe consist of imperfect transcripts of the apprehensible signifiers or thoughts. These signifiers are unchangeable and perfect. It is merely comprehendible by the usage of the mind or understanding such as a capacity of the head that does non include sense-perception or imaginativeness. In add-on, Plato asserts that societies have a three-party category construction matching to the spirit/appetite/reason construction of the single psyche that are Productive ( Workers ) and Protective ( Warriors ) . Productive are the labourers, carpenters, pipe fitters, Masons, merchandisers, husbandmans and others. These illustrations correspond to the appetite portion of the psyche. As for Protective are those who are adventuresome, strong, weather, in love with danger in the armed forces. These illustrations correspond to the spirit portion of the psyche. Furthermore, Plato emphasize that societies have a three-party category construction matching to the appetite/spirit/reason construction of the single psyche. Regulating, that are Rulers are those who are intelligent, rational, self-controlled, in love with wisdom, good suited to do determinations for the community. They correspond to the reason portion of the psyche and are really few. Second Philosopher: Aristotle Degree centigrades: NamielatifilesCRITICAL THINKINGaristotl.jpg Figure: Aristotle Grecian Logics and Metaphysicss Aristotle, one of Plato s greatest pupils, was born in 384 BC. Aristotle s male parent was a doctor to the male monarch of Mecadonia, and when Aristotle was seven old ages old, his male parent sent him to analyze at the Academy. He was at that place at the beginning as a pupil, so became a research worker and eventually a instructor. He seemed to adopted and developed Platonic thoughts while at that place and to hold expressed them in duologue signifier. When Plato died, Plato willed the Academy non to Aristotle, but to his nephew Speusippus. Aristotle so left Athens with Xenocrates to travel to Assos, in Asia Minor, where he opened a subdivision of the Academy. There he met Hermias, another former pupil of Plato, who had become male monarch of Assos. Aristotle married Hermias niece, Pythias, who died ten old ages subsequently. During these old ages in Assos, Aristotle started to interrupt away from Platonism and developed his ain thoughts. King Philip of Macedonia invited Aristotle to the capitol around 343 BC to tutor his thirteen-ear-old Don, Alexander. Tutoring Alexander in the Academy in Assos, Aristotle still remained the president of the Academy. In 359 BC, Alexander s male parent, King Philip decided to put off to repress the Grecian city states, and left Alexander in charge, therefore halting Aristotle s tutoring of Alexander. King Philip was so murdered, in 336 BC, and Alexander so became king. He mobilized his male parent s great ground forces and subdued some city states, therefore going Alexander The Great . In 335 BC, Aristotle returned to Athens. Speusippus had died, but Aristotle was once more non given the presidential term of the Academy in Athens, alternatively, it was given to one of his co-workers Xenocrates. So, Aristotle founded his ain school this clip, it was named the Lyceum, named after Apollo Lyceus. In 323 BC, twelve old ages after establishing the Lyceum, Alexander the Great died. In Greece bitterness against the Macedonia hegemony seethed and public violences broke out. Aristotle was accused of impiousness, and his life become in serious hazard. So he left Athens, and went to his late female parent s estate at Chalcis on the island of Euboea. He died there in the following twelvemonth, 322 BC. Aristotle wrote books on many topics, including logic natural philosophies, poesy, fauna, rhetoric, authorities, and biological science. Aristotle extended Socrates and Plato s critical thought by composing a book on logic that is a cardinal dogma of critical thought. Aristotle s epistemology that what we call today Aristotellian logic, Aristotle himself would hold labeled analytics. For Aristotle, the term logic was reserved to intend dialectics. The ancient observers grouped together several of Aristotle s treatises under the rubric Organon that is ( Instrument ) . They besides regarded them as consisting his logical plants such as Classs, On Interpretation, Prior Analytics, Posterior Analytics, Topics, and On Sophistic Refutations. Aristotellian logic has chiefly been concerned with learning good statement. Furthermore, it is still taught up till terminal today. All of Aristotle s logic revolves around one impression that is the tax write-off or in other words that is sullogismos. Aristotle defines tax write-off as a address ( logos ) in which, certain things holding been supposed, something different from those supposed consequences of necessity because of their being so. Furthermore, each of the things supposed is a premiss ( protasis ) of the statement, and what consequences of necessity is the decision ( sumperasma ) . Aristotle s logic is of import in that it introduces a formal system of idea. Furthermore, Aristotle s syllogism is referred to as formal logic. The beauty of Aristotle s logic is his debut of the syllogism that is Syllogism is modernness defined as a peculiar sort of statement incorporating three categorical propositions, two of them premises, one of it is a decision. In metaphysics, Aristotle produced a figure of plants which together were called the natural philosophies. These books seemed to concern a basic, cardinal country of philosophical enquiry, which Aristotle himself called first doctrine . The early Aristotellian bookmans called those books ta meta Ta physika biblia . It means the books that come after the books about natural philosophies. It is the one theory of the beginning the word metaphysics . Aristotle is besides regarded the father of metaphysics. The metaphysics was divided into three parts that are Ontology, Theology, and Universal Science. As for Ontology, it is the survey about being. It has been traditionally defined as the scientific discipline of being qua being that is Aristotle s Grecian word that has been Latinized as qua agencies approximately in so far as or under the facet . In divinity, it is about the survey of God or the Gods and of the inquiries about the divina. Last but non least, Universal Science. It is the survey of alleged first rules, which underlie all other questions. Example of such a rule is the jurisprudence of non-contradiction. ISLAMIC CONTRIBUTION IN CRITICAL Thinking First Philosopher: Al-Kindi Degree centigrades: NamielatifilesCRITICAL THINKINGAl_Kindi.jpg Figure Al-Kindi Islam Contribution in Critical Thinking Al-Kindi was born in Kufa, Iraq to an blue Kindah, the narrative of Al-Kindi s household traveling from Yemen has non been proven. His full name was, in AbA «-YA «suf YaqA «b ibn IsaA?q ibn as-aabbA?a ibn OmrA?n ibn IsmaA «l al-KindA « . His male parent was the governor of Kufa, and al-Kindi received his preliminary instruction at that place. He subsequently completed his surveies in Baghdad, where he was patronized by the Abbasid Caliphs al-Mamun and al-Mutasim. Because of his acquisition and aptitude for survey, al-Mamun appointed him to House of Wisdom in Baghdad, a late established Centre for the interlingual rendition of philosophical and scientific texts. He was good known for his beautiful penmanship, and at one point was employed as a calligraphist by al-Mutawakkil. When al-Mamun died, his brother, al-Mutasim became Caliph. Al-Kindi s place was enhanced under al-Mutasim, who appointed him as a coach to his boy. But on the accession of al-Wathiq, and particularly of al-Mutawakkil, al-Kindi s star waned. There are assorted theories why this happened: some attribute al-Kindi s ruin to scholarly competitions at the House of Wisdom ; others refer to al-Mutawakkil s frequently violent persecution of irregular Muslims ( every bit good as of non-Muslims ) ; at one point al-Kindi was beaten and his library temporarily confiscated. Al-Kindi died in Baghdad in 873, during the reign of Al-Mutamid, a alone adult male . After his decease, al-Kindi s philosophical plants rapidly fell into obscureness and many of them were lost even to later Islamic bookmans and historiographers. This may hold occurred for a figure of grounds. Aside from the hawkish orthodoxy of al-Mutawakkil, the Mongols destroyed infinite libraries during their invasion. However, the most likely cause was that his Hagiographas neer found popularity among influential philosophers such as al-Farabi and Avicenna, who finally overshadowed him. Al-Kindi was the first Muslim philosopher. It is said that Al-Kindi have written 270 plants but most of them are lost. His Hagiographas, are encyclopaedic in range, runing from logic through medical specialty and scientific discipline to divinity. Some of al -Kindi s plants were translated into Latin by Gerard of Cremona and until late, he was known merely through these Latin interlingual renditions. Al-Kindi revised the Arabic version of Plotinus Enneads, a work he thought to be one of Aristotle s. It was owing to al-Kindi that doctrine became portion of an Muslim civilization. Al-Kindi became known as the philosopher of the Arabs and his undertaking as he saw it was to accommodate the wisdom of Al Quran with Greek doctrine. Al-Kindi s observation is rather wid-ranging. It embraces the whole of human scientific discipline. Al Kindi s usage of the term theologian varies. Al Kindi makes the contrast between the Godhead scientific discipline of the Al-Quran and that of the philosophers. There are the Al-Quran that is purely a Godhead scientific discipline, while that of the philosophers is eventually a human scientific discipline. Furthermore, the cognition of the prophesier is immediate and inspired, whereas that of the philosophers is reached by manner of logic and presentation. Furthermore, Al-Kindi besides confronted with Aristotle s position that the universe is ageless, Al Kindi will deny this because of his religion. The universe is non ageless, merely God is ageless. Any other besides God is created and finite. The denial of infinitude of anything other than God is found in the De quinque essentlis, a work which holds that affair, signifier, infinite, motion, and clip attach to every physical organic structure. In Al-Kindi s De intellectu al-Kindi, he argues that adult male has four minds. That are the agent mind, the inactive mind, the latter as actuated, and the usage of cognition already had. Therefore, we can all take it that he is distinguishing the four senses of mind. Second Philosopher: Ibn Sina Degree centigrades: NamielatifilesCRITICAL THINKINGibn sina.jpg Figure Ibn Sina Islam Contribution in Critical Thinking Ibn Sina was born in 980 C.E. in the small town of Afshana near Bukhara which today is located in the far South of Russia. His male parent, Abdullah, an disciple of the Ismaili religious order, was from Balkh and his female parent from a small town near Bukhara. In any age Ibn Sina, known in the West as Avicenna, would hold been a elephantine among giants. He displayed exceeding rational art as a kid and at the age of 10 was already adept in the Quran and the Arabic classics. During the following six old ages he devoted himself to Muslim Jurisprudence, Philosophy and Natural Science and studied Logic, Euclid, and the Almeagest. He turned his attending to Medicine at the age of 17 old ages and found it, in his ain words, non hard . However he was greatly troubled by metaphysical jobs and in peculiar the plants of Aristotle. By opportunity, he obtained a manual on this topic by the famed philosopher alFarabi which solved his troubles. By the age of 18 he had built up a repute as a doctor and was summoned to go to the Samani swayer Nuh ibn Mansur ( reigned 976997 C.E. ) , who, in gratitude for Ibn Sina s services, allowed him to do free usage of the royal library, which contained many rare and even alone books. Endowed with great powers of absorbing and retaining cognition, this Muslim bookman devoured the contents of the library and at the age of 21 was in a place to compose his first book. At about the same clip he lost his male parent and shortly afterwards left Bukhara and wandered due wests. He entered the services of Ali ibn Mamun, the swayer of Khiva, for a piece, but finally fled to avoid being kidnapped by the Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna. After many rovings he came to Jurjan, near the Caspian Sea, attracted by the celebrity of its swayer, Qabus, as a frequenter of larning. Unfortunately Ibn Sina s reaching about coincided with the deposition and slaying of this swayer. At Jurjan, Ibn Sina lectured on logic and uranology and wrote the first portion of the Qanun, his greatest work. Ibn Sina was the most original and systematic Muslim philosopher. He was mentioned by two famed historiographers of mediaeval western doctrine such as A.Maurer and F.Copleston. A. Maurer stated that aˆÂ ¦his ( Ibn Sina s ) doctrine is a extremely personal accomplishment, ranking among the greatest in the history of doctrine whereas F. Copleston said that The greatest Muslim philosopher of the eastern group without uncertainty is Avicienna or Ibn Sina ( 980-1037 ) , the existent Godhead of a scholastic system in the Islamic universe . Ibn Sina was known by the work forces of the 13th century chiefly through his Sufficientiae, whose parts are devoted to the chief divisions of doctrine that are logic, natural philosophies, mathematics, psychological science and metaphysics. Ibn Sina develops a idea of al-Farabi, who takes up a differentiation Aristotle made in the Posterior Analytics between cognizing what a thing is and cognizing that it is, had maintained in animals a difference between kernel and being. Kernel here stands for nature. Which is possibility, and it does non include being. Being is inadvertent to essence or nature. Existent ( mawjud ) signifies existent. Furthermore, an existing partakes of an kernel. For illustration, the characteristic of a hoops can be discussed in footings of the formal belongingss of a domain. An unfulfilled entity such as a unicorn may hold an kernel but no being. Therefore, the difference between kernel and being in animals provides Ibn Sina with the great ontological difference between animals and God. Decision In finishing this undertaking, I ve learned that there are many philosophers that had been lending to Critical Thinking. By taking Grecian Logics and Metaphysicss in Critical Thinking, I ve learned that harmonizing to Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, merely the trained head is prepared to see beneath the delusory visual aspects to the deeper worlds of life. Critical thought from the beginning included non merely scrutiny of the words and actions of others but besides the scrutiny of one s ain ideas and actions. Furthermore, as in Islam Contribution to Critical Thinking. I ve learned that Al-Kindi and Ibn Sina contributes so much as a Muslim philosopher. Their position of doctrine is rather comprehensive and it embraces the whole of human scientific discipline. All of their parts had developed an first-class Critical Thinker to the new coevalss.

William the Conqueror and The Harrying of the North

William the Conqueror and The Harrying of the North The Harrying of the North was a campaign of brutal violence carried out in the north of England by King William I of England, in an attempt to stamp his authority on the region. He had recently conquered the country, but the north had always had an independent streak and he wasnt the first monarch to have to quell it; he was, however, to be famed as one of the most brutal. A question remains though: was it as brutal as legend has it, and can documents reveal the truth? The Problem of the North In 1066, William the Conqueror seized the crown of England thanks to victory at the Battle of Hastings and a brief campaign which led to the public submission of the country. He consolidated his hold in a series of campaigns which were effective in the south. However, north England had always been a wilder, less centralized place – earls Morcar and Edwin, who fought in the 1066 campaigns on the Anglo-Saxon side, had one eye on northern autonomy. William’s initial attempts to establish his authority there, which included three journeys around with an army, castles built and garrisons left, had been undone by multiple rebellions- from English earls to lower ranks- and Danish invasions. The Harrying of the North William concluded that harsher measures were needed, and in 1069 he marched up again with an army. This time he engaged in a protracted campaign euphemistically known now as the Harrying of the North. In practice, this involved sending troops out to kill people, burn buildings and crops, smash tools, seize wealth and devastate large areas. Refugees fled north and south, from the killing and the resultant famine. More castles were built. The idea behind the slaughter was to show conclusively that William was in charge, and that there was no one else who could come and aid anyone thinking of rebelling. It was around the same time that William stopped trying to integrate his followers into the existing Anglo-Saxon power structure, and decided on a full-scale replacement of the old ruling class with a new, loyal, one, another act which he would be infamous for in the modern age. The level of damage is very heavily disputed. One chronicle states there were no villages left between York and Durham, and it’s possible large areas were left uninhabited. The Domesday Book, created in the mid-1080s, may still show traces of the damage in the large areas of ‘waste’ in the region. However, there are modern, competing theories which argue that, given just three months during winter, William’s forces could not have caused as much carnage as they’re normally accused, and might instead have been probing for known rebels in secluded places, and the result was more a rapier thrust than a smashing of any and everyone. William was criticized for his methods of controlling England, particularly by the Pope, and the Harrying of the North might have been the event these complaints were chiefly about. It’s worth noting that William was both a man capable of this cruelty, but also concerned about his judgment in the afterlife, which led him to richly endow the church because of events like the Harrying. Ultimately, we will never know how much damage was caused and how you read William was other events becomes important. Orderic Vitalis Perhaps the most famous account of the Harrying comes from Orderic Vitalis, who began: â€Å"Nowhere else had William shown such cruelty. Shamefully he succumbed to this vice, for he made no effort to restrain his fury and punished the innocent and the guilty. In his anger he commanded that all crops and herds, chattels and food of every kind should be bought together and burned to aches with consuming fire, so that the whole region north of the Humber might be stripped of all means of sustenance. In consequence so serious a scarcity was felt in England, and so terrible a famine fell upon the humble and defenceless populace, that more than 100,000 Christian folk of both sexes, young and old alike, perished of hunger.† - Huscroft, The Norman Conquest, p. 144. The death toll cited is exaggerated. He went on to say: â€Å"My narrative has frequently had occasions to praise William, but for this act which condemned the innocent and guilty alike to die by slow starvation I cannot commend him. For when I think of helpless children, young men in their prime of life, and hoary grey beards perishing alike of hunger, I am so moved to pity that I would rather lament the griefs and sufferings of the wretched people than make a vain attempt to flatter the perpetrator of such infamy.† Bates, William the Conqueror, p. 128.

Air pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Air pollution - Essay Example This paper will discuss air pollution and its various aspects. According to Lbl.gov, there are various major  kinds  of pollution, which produce renowned  effects on the well-being and health  of individuals and the environment as a whole. These pollution types include the discharge of such toxic gases as chemical vapors, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Once these gases get into the environment, they can become involved in advanced chemical reactions leading to the formation of  acid rain and  smog. Other serious implications include the development of holes in the ozone layer as well as greenhouse effect. The other type of air pollution, which results from fuel combustion for energy, involves the discharge of  particles  (particulate matter) into the air. These particles are tiny pieces of matter, which measures roughly 0001 inches. An excellent case in point of this  kind of particulate matter is diesel smoke. This kind of pollution is also kn own as black carbon pollution. Smoke from burning fuels in industries, homes, and automobiles, is a main source of air pollution. It is also believed that burning charcoal and wood in barbeques and fireplaces can as well discharge into the air significant amounts of soot. Liu explains that the common sources of air pollution include industrial facilities, motor vehicles emissions, household combustion devices, forest fires, mold spores, and pollen among others. According to him, these sources fall into two main categories, namely natural and human sources (15). The natural sources of air pollution include volcanic activity that lead to the production of ash particulates, chlorine, sulfur, carbon monoxide and smoke from wildfires; and dust from natural sources that are usually large areas with no or little vegetation (Chapman and Rob 23). Human sources of air pollution result from human activities that contribute to air pollution. One of the main sources of air pollution that results from human activity is from manufacturing facilities, waste incinerators, and power plants and other forms of fuel-burning heating devices (Gurjar 33). Aircraft, motor vehicles, sound equipments, and marine vessels are the other sources of air pollution from human activities. Military activities such as toxic gases, nuclear weapons, and germ warfare can be the other source of air pollution. Controlled burn practices and chemicals used in forestry management and agriculture are the other sources of air pollution resulting from human activity (Colls 27). Pollutants are the substances that cause air pollution. Pollutants that are of major public health and environment concern include ozone, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon dioxide (Liu 18). Pollutants are classified into two main categories: primary and secondary. Primary pollutants are those that are emitted directly from a process such as sulfur dioxide from manufacturing facilities, the carbon monoxi de from the motor vehicle, or ash from volcanic eruption (Gurjar 36). Example of primary pollutants include carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, ammonia, radioactive pollutants,

Enzymes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Enzymes - Essay Example Then we will utilize acquired information to examine a given experiment. type of organic molecule that contained gene makeup in biological existence (pg. 50, Barrick, Scientific American). DNA seemed to be an evolved trend later down the centuries. DNA now possesses all information concerning the constructs of the human body, including the structure of enzymes. Enzymes In comparison to DNA, RNA differs in nucleic acid component such as To understand the process of creating enzyme RNA proliferation, we have to explore how they are produced and pinpoint theirpurpose in modern cells. The process commences when RNA polymerase, an enzyme, attaches to DNA strands and copies portions of it. RNA polymerase unwinds and opens the double stranded DNA and reads the nucleotides and matched them up with composite nucleotides that fit. After transcription is done, the messenger RNA (mRNA) is released and capped on each side of the strand to prevent the enzymes outside the nucleus from disintegrating it. These mRNA are photocopies of the DNA. Now when the strand reaches outside, it is quickly read by ribosomes. Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) that essentially deals with the synthesis of proteins. The ribosomes read the nucleotides assembled in sets of three called codons. Each codon sequence has a specific amino acid it pairs up with. Each amino acid is distributed tRNA or transfer RNA. After each codon is translated, the appropriated amino acid are assembled in the order of the codons on the mRNA and fused to together through the process of dehydration synthesis. Then that protein will leave the ribosome while the mRNA disintegrates for its extended exposure to the catalytic enzymes outside the nucleus. The components of the disintegrated mRNA are recycled. That protein can be an enzyme fit for meta bolic activity. For a catalytic activity, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates, and the enzyme breaks them down into different molecules, the products. Almost all processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at significant rates. Since enzymes are extremely selective for their substrates and speed up only a few reactions from among many possibilities, the set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy for a reaction, thus dramatically increasing the

Philosophical Aspects of Literary Objectiveness :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Philosophical Aspects of Literary Objectiveness ABSTRACT: Gadamer’s hermeneutic philosophy avoids the problem of literary objectiveness altogether. His approach witnesses the general fact that an indifference towards literary objectiveness in particular, leads to a peculiar neglect of par excellence literariness as such. It seems obvious, however, that the constitutive aspects of the crisis of literary objectiveness cannot be shown to contain the underlying intention of bringing about this situation. At this point, one can identify what could probably be the most important element in a definition of literary objectiveness. In contrast to ‘natural’ objectiveness and objectiveness based on various societal conventions, the legitimacy of a literary work is solely guaranteed by its elements being organized in accordance with the rules of literary objectiveness. Thus when the crisis of literary objectiveness intensifies, literariness will also find itself in a crisis. This crisis detaches new, quasi-literary formati ons from various definitions of literariness. When literary objectiveness ceases, however, to be understood as a system constituted by various objective formations aiming to correspond in one way or another to the ‘world’, scientific analysis of literary objectiveness will be rendered impossible. The crisis of literary objectiveness thus brings about the crisis of the theory of literature and the philosophy of art. Gadamer explicitly argues that the scientific approach proves to be inadequate in the analysis of artistic experience. This attitude results in the categorical rejection of a scientific orientation (and so in a complete indifference towards literary objectiveness), but he seems to overemphasize an otherwise correct thesis on the non-reflexive character of artistic experience. It is the anti-mimetic and Platonic character of Gadamer’s aesthetic hermeneutics that determines the status of literary (artistic) objectiveness in his system of thought. What is of crucial importance, however, is to point out that this aesthetics entails a fundamental reduction of the significance of literary objectiveness. As soon as the essence of aesthetic object-constitution is taken to be re-cognition (plus the emanating aesthetic possibilities), the absolutely natural interest in the original object represented by a work of art.Undoubtedly, Gadamer’s conception answers a number of questions that tend to be ignored by other theories. It is just as obvious, however, that Gadamer completes here the aesthetic devaluation of the objective domain. It is not the characteristics of the ‘original’ that constitute the image, but in effect the image turns the original into an original. Paraphrasing this claim one arrives at a near paradox: not objectiveness makes a work of art possible, but a work of art lends objects their objectiveness.

Filipinos and the Reproductive Health Bill Essay

The Reproductive Health Bill – more commonly known as the RH Bill – is one of the most controversial bills that are being discussed today. It was only recently, however, that much attention had been directed towards it. The implementation of laws provisioning almost the same contents as the RH Bill today dates back in the late 1960’s during the reign of former President Ferdinand Marcos. At that time, Family Planning was adopted by the government purely for the purpose of population reduction towards the alleviation of poverty, as is the government’s commitment to population control stated in The 1973 Constitution, â€Å"It shall be the responsibility of the state to achieve and maintain population levels conducive to the national welfare† (Likhaan and ARROW 17). Unfortunately, when the Marcos administration was replaced by the Aquino administration, the ground for the government Family Planning Program became shaky. It was attempted to be abolished twice but was saved through its transfer from the Department of Social Welfare to the Department of Health in 1988 due to both local and international pressures (17). During the Ramos administration, the Philippine approach towards population control shifted from the previous population control framework to the reproductive health approach (Likhaan and ARROW 17). This was a result of the Philippine participation to the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) held in Cairo, Egypt (17). It was also under this regime that Secretary of Health, Dr. Juan Flavier funded the purchase of contraceptives and launched an anti-AIDS campaign heavily featuring condoms despite fervent opposition from the rulers of the Catholic Church (17). A legacy that perhaps he passed on to his successor Dr. Carmencita Reodica who was the brain behind the implementation of an Integrated Reproductive Health Program within the DOH (17). As another change in administration took place however, the reproductive health programs stated above were abolished and while the new regime have tried to present newer programs for the improvement of Philippine reproductive health, none were implemented due to the ousting of Estrada which then brought us the Macapagal-Arroyo administration (Likhaan and ARROW 17-18). It is said that it was in this administration that government reproductive health programs previously implemented by former administrations â€Å"regressed† (18). Two big events happened during this time. First was the banning of the emergency contraceptive pill called Postinor which raised a torrent of rallies and protests from health and women’s NGOs and the second was Arroyo’s announcement that she would veto the proposed Reproductive Health Bill at that time even if it were passed because she believes that it is â€Å"a pro-abortion bill†(18). The struggle for the passage of the RH Bill, however, did not stop there. As the current regime led by Pres. Benigno Aquino, Jr. took over, the fire brought by this controversial debate has been lit once more. The bill has undergone a few revisions and the anti-RH and pro-RH factions have continued their unceasing debate. The anti-RH faction, supported by the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP), other so-called Pro-Life Organizations, and some famous personalities like Manny Pacquiao, argue that the bill is anti-Life, anti-Poor, unconstitutional and anti-God. The pro-RH faction – supported by Health and Women NGOs, International Organizations, and also various personalities like Lea Salonga and Sen. Mirriam Santiago – on the other hand, believes that the RH Bill is pro-Life, pro-Poor, pro-Choice, constitutional and NOT anti-God. On my part, I stand by the pro-RH faction. The Reproductive Health Bill is an important step towards the improvement of the quality of life of every Filipino, and I believe that it is the government’s responsibility to allow its people to take this crucial step forward. In what follows, I will explain why I think that the Reproductive Health Bill should be passed. Women Empowerment Many Filipinos are unaware of the real purpose behind the Reproductive Health Bill, or to be more exact, The Responsible Parenthood, Reproductive Health, and Population and Development Act of 2011. Most usually, debates between the anti-RH faction and the pro-RH faction end up with the topic of overpopulation and whether decreasing the population growth rate would solve most of the problems plaguing the Filipino nation. I myself had been misled by these recurrent arguments and thought that perhaps the point behind this bill was to decrease the rate by which our population grows. Further examination of the bill however proved me wrong. The purpose of the legislators in presenting this bill was not to decrease the population growth rate of Filipinos; rather it is to empower them most especially its most vulnerable sector, the Filipino women. Reproductive Health, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being that implies that people are able to have a responsible, satisfying and safe sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so. Also, they added, it implies the presence of the right of access to appropriate health care services that will allow women to go through pregnancy and childbirth safely (WHO). Unfortunately for the Philippines, the lack of a comprehensive reproductive health law has drawn its toll on women producing a high Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) of 162 per 100,000 live births (Pernia, et.al.). This means that about 11 women die every day during childbirth (NSO, 2006). Another effect of the absence of a comprehensive law that offers effective reproductive health care services is an Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) of 25 per 1000 infants (Dizon). In other words, there is a total of 62, 000 infant deaths every year, or 169 deaths every day (Dizon). Aside from those, there is an estimated 473,400 women who have abortion every year, 90% of them done by married women, producing a rate of 27 abortions out of 1000 women aged 15-44 years old (Pangalangan, Juarez, et.al). Also, 78,900 women among those who had abortion are hospitalized due to post-abortion complications (Juarez, et.al). What is sad about this is that all this deaths and complications could have been prevented and attended to if women were provided with proper and sufficient family planning and health care services. The Responsible Parenthood, Reproductive Health and Population and Development Act of 2011 aims to protect women from the aforementioned complications of having no readily available reproductive health and family planning services (HB 4244). In Section 5 of House Bill 4244, entitled Midwives for Skilled Attendance, the bill ensures the availability of full time, skilled and properly trained birth attendants for women at a ratio of one (1) birth attendant per a hundred and fifty (150) deliveries per year (HB 4244). Also in Section 6 of the same bill, each province and city, assisted by the DOH, would establish or upgrade hospitals with sufficient and qualified personnel, facilities and supplies that would enable them to provide efficient and effective emergency obstetric care (HB 4244). Aside from that, private and non-government reproductive health care service providers – including but not limited to gynecologists and obstetricians – are mandated in House Bill 4244â₠¬â„¢s Section 22 to provide at least 48 hours annually of reproductive health care services which involves information and education, and rendering medical services free of charge to indigent and low income patients, especially to pregnant adolescents (HB 4244). However, these are not the only provisions that the Reproductive Health Bill offers women and their children. In Section 8 of House Bill 4244, the government ensures that a Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for reproductive health – includes maternal and neonatal health care kits and services defined by the DOH – would be ensured for women in crisis situations such as disasters (e.g.; earthquakes, flood) and humanitarian crises (e.g.; famines, epidemics). The MISP will become a part of the initial response of government units and national agencies at the onset of crises and emergencies (HB 4244). Also, in House Bill 4244’s Section 14 maximum benefits as provided by PhilHealth programs would be given to serious and life threatening reproductive health conditions such as AIDS, breast and reproductive tract cancers, obstetric complications and other similar conditions. Aside from maternal health care services, the bill also promises to provide a full range of modern family planning methods to be available in all accredited health facilities which, for poor patients, shall be fully covered by PhilHealth Insurance and the government on a no balance billing (Section 7, HB 4244). These provisions of the bill are important in protecting women from the risks brought by pregnancy and from the difficulties caused by unplanned pregnancies. According to a research report published jointly by the Guttmacher Institute and the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA): Better timing and spacing of births can reduce complications related to pregnancy and delivery, and improve the health of women and their infants (Singh S, et.al). Also, according to this same research, if contraceptive needs for women are met sufficiently, the number of induced abortions would decline by 70% in the developing world (Singh S, et.al).   Providing women with these reproductive health services also move in accordance to the Magna Carta for Women. In Section 13 of House Bill No. 4273, the law insures women the access to information and services related to their health. This includes maternal care which involves pre-natal and post-natal services that would address a woman’s pregnancy, and the health and nutrition of both the mother and the infant, and legal, ethical, medically safe and effective family planning methods (HB 4273). Despite the many advantages that the Reproductive Health Bill offers to women however, there are still those who desire to hinder the passage of this bill. One of these detractors is the CBCP who claims that the bill is anti-life and unconstitutional. What saddened me however is that in one of their statements, they have summed up choosing to defend the RH Bill as â€Å"choosing death† (Odchimar). I quote: We are at a crossroads as a nation. Before us are several versions of a proposed bill, the Reproductive Health bill or sanitized as a Responsible Parenthood bill. This proposed bill in all its versions calls us to make a moral choice: to choose life or to choose death (Odchimar). Reading this statement caused a moment of irritation which swiftly turned to sadness as I realized how misinformed my fellow Filipinos were. The Reproductive Health Bill is not anti-life; it is, through thorough examination, explicitly pro-Life (Pangalangan, Pernia et.al). The Reproductive Health Bill will not only protect a woman’s right to make a choice but also protect her life and the life of her child. Providing quality health care services to women will help fight the complications of pregnancy and even help avoid induced abortions (Pernia, et.al, Pangalangan, Lagman). Choosing the Reproductive Health Bill would never be equal to choosing death. In this same statement by the CBCP, they also shared one of the reasons why they specifically object to the RH Bill: Advocates also assert that the RH Bill empowers women with ownership of their own bodies. This is in line with the post-modern spirit declaring that women have power over their own bodies without the dictation of any religion. How misguided this so-called â€Å"new truth† is (Odchimar)! That women own their bodies is subject to each and their own beliefs. I myself, even as a woman, do not believe that I own this body with which I move and act. I acknowledge that this body of mine was something given to me by the Lord and therefore his, yet it must also be acknowledged that not all Filipinos share this same belief. First of all, not all Filipinos are Catholics and it is wrong to deprive them of the support they ask of the state simply because the religious leaders of the most prevalent religion disagree with it (Pangalangan, Pernia, et.al). Second, 90% among the 97% who claim that they want the RH Bill to be passed are Catholics which shows how pressing this matter is (Pangalangan). Whether or not our bodies were our own or just borrowed from the Lord, the fact that it needs protection, support and sufficient health services could not be denied. About 60% of Filipinos are dependent on the government for the provision of family planning services and it is the government’s responsibility to make it continuously and readily available for them (Pangalangan). The Reproductive Health Bill will provide women with sufficient, efficient and effective family planning and reproductive health care services. This will not only benefit women but their children as well. It would protect them in many ways and help preserve lives that need not be lost. Family Planning Methods Family Planning allows individuals and couples to anticipate and achieve their preferred number of children and the spacing and timing of their births (WHO). There are many mediums of contraceptives that have been invented and developed through time. Mostly, they are divided into two categories: Natural Family Planning (NFO) methods and Artificial Family Planning (AFP) methods. Natural Family Planning Methods mainly involves determining when a woman is fertile or not and having intercourse during days when fertilization would not occur (IRH). The effectiveness of this method is dependent on many factors however, these include faithful participation between sexual partners, accuracy in predicting the woman’s fertile days and ability to perfectly follow the methods they choose (IRH). Aside from that, there are women, in fact a lot of them, for whom Natural Family Planning methods may not work, considering this, the success rate of NFP methods are comparatively lower than Artific ial Family Planning methods (IRH). Artificial Family Planning Methods are methods that employ external factors. This involves pills, injectables, patches, vaginal rings, implants, Intrauterine devices (IUDs), male and female sterilization, condoms, etc (WHO/RHR). A variation of these methods may work depending on the situation of the women or men involved, however, most of the time the success rates of these methods are fairly higher than NFP methods (WHO/RHR). In the Reproductive Health Bill, a full range of Family Planning (FP) methods would be made available in all accredited health facilities (Section 7, HB 4244). Also, they would be labeled as essential medicines, which means that they would be part of the National Drug Formulary and would be included in the regular purchase of essential supplies of all public hospitals and health units (Section 10, HB 4244). This would help many Filipino families, especially the poor, in achieving only the size of the family they desire (Pernia, et.al). In recent statistics, evidences that the poor prefer smaller families but are incapable of achieving t his because of lack of accessibility of Family Planning Methods have been found (Pernia, et.al). Recently, a survey by the Social Weather Station showed that 97% of Filipinos want to be able to control their fertility and plan their families (Pangalangan). Allowing access to readily available Family Planning Methods would be an efficient response to this call. Aside from that there is good reason for promoting both Natural and Artificial Family Planning methods. In a discussion paper released by the UP School of Economics, they said that: †¦ensuring access to the full range of modern (â€Å"artificial†) FP methods cum appropriate information raises the success rate of achieving the desired family size. Limiting FP options to â€Å"natural family planning (NFP) methods only† fails to address the private and social costs of mistimed and unwanted pregnancies (Pernia, et.al). Providing both Artificial and Natural Family Planning methods would allow for greater success rate in achieving the desired family size of Filipinos. However, this is not the only good effect of Family Planning methods. Some Family Planning methods, when correctly used, may help prevent the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (WHO). Use of Family Planning methods also reduces occurrences of induced abortions (WHO). This provisioning of FP methods also supports the recognition of the family as an autonomous institution that has the right to found a family in accordance to their desired number and spacing of children (WHO, 1987 Constitution). Despite the advantages of offering both Natural and Artificial methods of Family Planning however, there are those who say that only Natural Family Planning methods should be supported by the bill. This is because, for these anti-RH groups, Artificial Family Planning methods are abortifacients and are unsafe. First of all, there is a big difference between a contraceptive and an abortifacient. To put it in simple terms, a contraceptive is something used to prevent fertilization between a sperm and an egg while an abortifacient is something used to kill an already fertilized egg. Despite my belief that there is no need to elaborate further, I still shall reiterate it: Contraceptive methods are not abortifacients. Second, the provision of family planning metho ds requires counseling with a family planning provider (Magallon). These family planning provider/counselors function to advise a couple of the most appropriate method for their situation and also to screen those who wish to avail of these methods (Magallon). One of the things they require of the couple is information on whether the woman is pregnant or not, or if sexual intercourse happened between them inside a certain period of time (Magallon). If it so happens that sexual intercourse occurred and/or the woman were pregnant, the family planning counselor would either ask them to wait and confirm first if the woman is pregnant or not provide a method of family planning to the woman (Magallon). This they do to avoid any bad effects that a contraceptive might have on an already existing child (Magallon). Another claim against artificial contraceptives, especially of oral contraceptive pills, is that they have been found to be carcinogenic agents in a recent research conducted by the Women’s Health Initiatives and was classified so by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (â€Å"Position Paper on the RH bill†). In all fairness, further research on my side lead me to the conclusion that this information is true. However, while it is true that OCPs are Group 1 carcinogens, it is also true that use of OCPs prevent endometrial and ovarian cancers (Associated Press). Aside from that, I think it is worthy to point out that the dosages used in the studies from which the conclusion was made were, to quote Dr. Steven Goldstein, professor of the New York University Medical Center, â€Å"2  ½ to 4 times higher than the dosages I’m using today in most wo men [referring to the pills she provides her clients with]† (Associated Press). Also, according to director of analytic epidemiology of the American Cancer Society Eugene Calle, the evidence of increase in breast cancer risk is very small and transient, which means that it disappears as soon as the intake of the pills is stopped (Associated Press). Providing Filipinos with both Artificial and Natural Family Planning Methods may have a few disadvantages but I believe that the advantages of these actions outweigh all the cons. If the Reproductive Health Bill is passed, considering its main thrust is promoting full information and providing access to and choice amongst the full selection of family planning methods – whether natural or artificial – more unintended pregnancies would be prevented thus reducing the current MMR of the Philippines and saving the lives of not only women but children as well (Pernia et al.) Effects of the Reproductive Health Bill A lot of effects other than those mentioned before may come from the passage of the Reproductive Health Bill. One of these miscellaneous effects is that it would help reduce the population growth rate which would then produce a sort of chain reaction that would help alleviate poverty especially in the poorest areas here in the country (Alonzo, et.al, Pernia, et.al). This happens because parents who are able to space their children and acquire their desired family size are more capable to bear the cost of raising and educating their children (Pernia, et.al). Once educated, these children would then be able to help raise their families above poverty through work and business (Pernia, et.al). Another effect of the Reproductive Health Bill is it encourages women to exercise their right to choose and their free will (Lagman). Women would be given the chance to make informed choices on matters that affect them the most (Lagman). The promotion of an age-appropriate sex-education program would also help teenagers determine how to act in the face of sexual confusion (Lagman). It will promote â€Å"correct sexual values† and instill both consciousness of the freedom of choice and responsibilities of exercising one’s rights (Lagman). Knowledge on these matters is important because health risks associated with mistimed and unplanned pregnancies are higher for women who become pregnant while still in their adolescent ages (Pernia, et.al). Against all these good effects however, there are those who claim that if the RH Bill would be passed then a so-called â€Å"demographic winter† – inverse triangle population, with the old above and the young below – would occur in the Philippines (â€Å"Position paper on the RH bill†). This, according to some UP Professors of Economics has been greatly exaggerated and could only be considered as a scare tactic that intends to instill fear in people’s minds and which was probably spread by people who do not understand population dynamics â€Å"or worse, who intend to mislead† (Alonzo et al., also cited in Lagman). Conclusion The RH Bill empowers women. It reinforces the people’s freedom to choose and freedom to be informed. It protects not only the sanctity of life but the quality of life that a child will have once he is born. It is pro-life, pro-women and pro-choice. The Reproductive Health bill also aims to protect women from the many complications of pregnancy and childbirth. It also aims to provide better care for every child born. Aside from that, the RH Bill will enable Filipinos to protect themselves better form sexually transmitted diseases such as AIDS. Both Artificial and Natural Family Planning Methods are essential for the implementation of a comprehensive reproductive health law. These methods are scientifically proven safe and though some might have adverse effects, the advantages of these methods outweigh the risks they may present. The Reproductive Health Bill is a bill that allows spouses to plan their families and gain only the children they can provide for. It will help many poor families in investing more for their children and can alleviate poverty even if it cannot make it disappear altogether. The Reproductive Health Bill will also enable the youth to understand their rights and their responsibilities and promote proper sexual values. Understanding all this, I call for the immediate passage of the Reproductive Health Bill for the good of the Filipino nation. Works Cited â€Å"1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines.† The LAWPHiL Project. Arellano Law Foundation, n.d. Web. 5 September 2011. Alonzo Ruperto P., Arsenio M. Balisacan, Dante B. Canlas, Joseph J. Capuno, Ramon L. Clarete, Rolando A. Danao, Emmanuel S. de Dios, Benjamin E. Diokno, Emmanuel F. Esguerra, Raul V. Fabella, Ma. Socorro Gochoco-Bautista, Aleli P. Kraft, Felipe M. Medalla, Nimfa F. Mendoza, Solita C. Monsod, Cayetano W. Paderanga, Jr., Ernesto M. Pernia, Stella A. Quimbo, Gerardo P. Sicat, Orville C. Solon, Edita A. Tan, Gwendolyn R. Tecson. Population and Poverty; The Real Score* (DP 2004-15). Discussion Paper. UP School of Economics; December 2004. Web. 5 September 2011. PDF. Associated Press. â€Å"Hormone pills added to list of carcinogens.† msnbc.com. 29 July 2005. Web. 5 September 2011. â€Å"Contraception.† Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. 2008. The Gale Group Inc. Web. 5 September 2011. Lagman, Edcel. â€Å"Reproductive health bill: Facts, fallacies.† INQUIRER.net. 3 August 2008. Web. 5 September 2011. Retrieved from: Likhaan and ARROW. State of Filipino Women’s Reproductive Rights: 10 Years Post Cairo Shadow Report. Research in Brief. 2004. Print. Pernia, Ernesto M. Stella Alabastro-Quimbo, Maria Joy V. Abrenica, Ruperto P. Alonzo, Agustin L. Arcenas, Arsenio M. Balisacan, Dante B. Canlas, Joseph J. Capuno, Ramon L. Clarete, Rolando A. Danao, Emmanuel S. de Dios, Aleli dela Paz-Kraft, Benjamin E. Diokno, Emmanuel F. Esguerra, Raul V. Fabella, Maria Socorro Gochoco-Bautista, Teresa J. Ho, Felipe M. Medalla, Maria Nimfa F. Mendoza, Solita C. Monsod, Toby Melissa C. Monsod, Fidelina Natividad-Carlos, Cayetano W. Paderanga, Gerardo P. Sicat, Orville C. Solon, Edita A. Tan, and Gwendolyn R. Tecson. Population, Poverty, Politics and the Reproductive Health Bill (DP 2011-01). Discussion Paper. UP School of Economics; February 2011. Web. 5 September 2011. PDF. Retrieved from: Philippines. Cong. House. The Responsible Parenthood, Reproductive Health and Population and Development Act of 2011. 15th Cong., 1st sess. HB 4244. PDF. â€Å"Position Paper on RH bill: by Individual Faculty, Students and Alumni of the University of the Philippines.† iPetition.com. n.d. Web. 5 September 2011. Retrieved from: Singh S et al., Adding It Up: The Costs and Benefits of Investing in Family Planning and Maternal and Newborn Health, New York: Guttmacher Institute and United Nations Population Fund, 2009. (Suggested citation) WHO. â€Å"Reproductive Health.† World Health Organization. n.d. Web. 18 October 2011. Retrieved from: < http://www.who.int/topics/reproductive_health/en/> WHO. â€Å"Family Planning.† World Health Organization. n.d. Web. 18 October 2011. Retrieved from: WHO.